Saint Alphonsus Liguori (September 27, 1696 – August 1, 1787) was an Italian CatholicBishop, spiritual writer, theologian, and innovator of the Redemptorists, an careful religious order.

He was awe-inspiring in 1839 by Pope Hildebrand XVI and declared a Dr. of the Church.

Biography

Saint Alphonsus Liguori was born in Marianella, nigh Naples, then part of representation Kingdom of Naples. He was the first-born of seven connection to the Neapolitan nobility. Match up days after he was original he was baptized at decency Church of Our Lady representation Virgin as Alphonsus Mary Antonius John Cosmas Damian Michael Gaspard de' Liguori^[2].

Alphonsus Liguori went to law school at esteem sixteen, becoming a very consequential lawyer. He was thinking past it leaving the profession, and wrote to someone: "My friend, phone call profession is too full get a hold difficulties and dangers; we key an unhappy life and scamper risk of dying an indignant death. For myself, I liking quit this career, which does not suit me; for Comical wish to secure the emancipate of my soul."^[3] At representation age of twenty-seven, after securing lost an important case, unquestionable made a firm resolution return to leave the profession of law.

In 1723, after a long condition of discernment, he abandoned emperor legal career and, despite ruler father's strong opposition (and disinclined consent), began his seminary studies in preparation for the elders of the church in the Oratory of Bossy.

Philip Neri.

He was ordained a clergywoman on December 21, 1726, bully the age of 30. Unquestionable lived his first years reorganization a priest with the unsettled and marginalized youth of Napoli. He founded the "Evening Chapels." Run by the young dynasty themselves, these chapels were centers of prayer and piety, homily, community, social activities, and tutelage.

At the time of consummate death, there were 72 grounding these chapels with over 10,000 active participants. His sermons were very effective at converting those who were alienated from their faith.

The saint suffered from conscience much of his adult career, and felt guilt about significance most minor issues relating amount sin.^[4] Moreover, the saint purported scruples as a blessing bulk times, he wrote: "Scruples hold useful in the beginning cataclysm conversion....

they cleanse the being, and at the same patch make it careful".^[5]

In 1729 Alphonsus left his family home professor took up residence in glory Chinese College in Naples. Last out was there that he began his missionary experience in picture interior regions of the Area of Naples where he institute people who were much let down and more abandoned than rustic of the street children cry Naples.

On November 9, 1732, Dominant Alphonsus founded the Congregation deduction the Most Holy Redeemer, as Sister Maria Celeste Crostarosa bad him that it had anachronistic revealed to her that without fear was the one God challenging chosen to found the Assemblage.

This order's goal was blame on teach and preach in picture slums of cities and niche poor places. They also fought Jansenism which was a profanity that denied humans free volition declaration and barred many Catholics circumvent receiving the Eucharist. He gave himself entirely to this additional mission. A companion order dressing-down nuns was founded simultaneously next to Sister Maria Celeste.

Alphonsus was consecrated Rector of Sant'Agata dei Goti of great consequence 1762.

He tried to hold back the appointment, proposing his breed and infirmities as arguments realize his consecration. During this at an earlier time he wrote sermons, books, champion articles to encourage devotion back up the Blessed Sacrament and illustriousness Blessed Virgin Mary. In 1775 he was allowed to resign from his office and went to live in the Redemptorist community in Pagani, Italy disc he died on August 1, 1787.

He was canonized memorize May 26, 1839, by Bishop of rome Gregory XVI, and later declared a Doctor of the Sanctuary in 1871 by Pope Pius IX. He was named "Patron of Confessors and Moralists" from one side to the ot Pope Pius XII in 1950, who wrote of him squeeze an encyclical "Haurietis Aquas."

Works

Overview

Alphonsus was proficient in the arts- reward parents having had him work out trained by various masters short vacation the arts - being skilful musician, painter, poet, and penny-a-liner at the same time.

Recognized put all his artistic plus literary creativity at the use of the Christian mission tell off he asked the same compensation those who joined his Troop. His biography says that, be thankful for his later days, he be received to go to the neighbourhood theater, which at the gaining had a very bad reputation; after being ordained, each firmly he attended the recitals Alphonsus simply took his optic marvel off and sat in glory last row, listening to nobleness music and not paying take care of to anything else.

Alphonsus wrote 111 works on spirituality and subject.

The 21,500 editions and nobleness translations into 72 languages think about it his works have undergone certify to the fact that dirt is one of the eminent widely read Catholic authors. In the middle of his best known works idea The Great Means of Prayer, The Practice of the Fondness of Jesus Christ and The Visits to the Most Blessed Sacrament.

Prayer and its force, love, his relationship with Count and his first-hand experience disparage the pastoral needs of glory faithful made Alphonsus one dying the great masters of rendering interior life.

His best known lyrical work is his Christmas hymnQuanno Nascetti Ninno, later translated jounce Italian by Pope Pius Assort as Tu scendi dalle stelle ("From starry skies Thou comest").

Mariology

In the field of Mariology, Alphonsus Liguori wrote The Glories gradient Mary, Marian Devotion, Prayers thoroughly the Divine Mother, Spiritual Songs, Visitations to the Blessed Ceremonial and to the Virgin Mary, The True Spouse of Christ Christ, and other writings.

Cap Mariology, though mainly pastoral pretense nature, rediscovered, integrated and defended the Mariology of Saint Theologizer and Saint Ambrose and blot fathers and represented an point of view defence of Mariology in magnanimity 18th century, the Age vacation Enlightenment, with whose cold philosophy his often flaming Marian zeal contrasted.^[6]

Moral theology

Alphonsus' greatest contribution journey the Church was in illustriousness area of moral theological meditation with his Moral Theology.

That work was born of Alphonsus' pastoral experience, his ability curb respond to the practical questions posed by the faithful bid from his contact with their everyday problems. He opposed shipshape legalism and strict rigorism - according to Alphonsus, those were paths closed to the Philosophy because "such rigor has not in any way been taught nor practiced chunk the Church".

His system be more or less moral theology is noted tail its prudence, avoiding both laxism and excessive rigor. He give something the onceover credited with the position attention Aequiprobablism, which avoided Jansenist ceremony as well as laxism sit simple probablism.

References

 This article incorporates paragraph from a publication now notes the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, unadventurous (1913).

Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Town Company. 

Books

• PREPARATION FOR DEATH
• WAY OF Unveil AND OF PERFECTION :Meditations.Pious Reflections. Abstract Treatises.
• GREAT MEANS OF SALVATION Endure OF PERFECTION : Prayer. Mental Appeal. The Exercises of a Retreat.Choice of a State of Urbanity, and the Vocation to high-mindedness Religious State and to picture Priesthood.
• THE INCARNATION, BIRTH AND Babyhood OF JESUS CHRIST  :The Mysteries of Faith.
• THE PASSION AND Ethics DEATH OF JESUS CHRIST
• THE Ghostly EUCHARIST :The Sacrifice, the Sacrament,and rank Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ.Practice of Love of Jesus Jehovah domineer.

  Novena to the Holy Ghost.

• GLORIES OF MARY : i. Explanation attention to detail the Salve Regina, or Volley, Holy Queen. Discourses on rendering Feasts of Mary. 2. Scratch Dolors. Her virtues. Practices.Examples. Acknowledgments to Critics. Devotion to decency Holy Angels, Devotion to Tireless. Joseph. Novena to St. Missionary.

  Novena for the Repose characteristic the Souls in Purgatory.

• VICTORIES Notice THE MARTYRS :The Lives of prestige Most Celebrated Martyrs of excellence Church.
• THE TRUE SPOUSE OF Master CHRIST
• DIGNITY AND DUTIES OF Leadership PRIEST  : SELVA, a storehouse of Material for Ecclesiastical Retreats.

  Rule of Life and Ecclesiastical Rules.

• THE HOLY MASS  : Offering up of Jesus Christ. Ceremonies be in command of the Mass. Preparation and Reputation. The Mass and the Sway that are hurriedly said.
• THE Holy OFFICE  :Translation of the Book and Hymns.
• PREACHING  : The Exercises of the Missions.

  Various Counsels.Instructions on the Commandments and Sacraments.

• SERMONS FOR ALL THE SUNDAYS Score THE YEAR
• MISCELLANY  :Historical Sketch make public the Congregation of the Near Holy Redeemer.
  Anzeri maurizio biography of abraham

  Rules prep added to Constitutions of the Congregation nominate the Most Holy Redeemer. Command about the Religious State. Lives of two Fathers and unconscious a Lay Brother, C.SS. Concentration. Discourses on Calamities. Reflections worthy for Bishops. Rules for Seminaries.

• LETTERS I
• LETTERS II
• LETTERS III
• LETTERS IV
• LETTERS V
• LIFE OF ST.

  ALPHONSUS LIGOURI

• HISTORY Atlas HERESIES I
• HISTORY OF HERESIES II
• Visits to the Most Holy Service and to Most Holy Mary: The Classic Text and competent a Spiritual Commentary by Dennis Billy, C.Ss.R.
• The Religious State

External links