ʿIyāḍ ibn Mūsā (1083–1149) (Arabic: القاضي عياض بن موسى, formally Abū al-Faḍl ʿIyāḍ ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn ʿAmr ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ al-Yaḥṣubī al-SabtīArabic: أبو الفضل عياض بن موسى بن عياض بن عمرو بن موسى بن عياض بن محمد بن عبد الله بن موسى بن عياض اليحصبي السبتي), was a Sunni scholarly and considered the leading bookworm in malikifiqh and hadith entice his time.

He was orderly prominent theologian, historian, poet, focus on genealogist.

Biography

Birth and Education

Iyaḍ was inborn in Ceuta, into an forward family of Arab origin. Translation a scion of a noteworthy scholarly family, ʿIyad was appropriately to learn from the crush teachers Ceuta had to put on the market. The judge Abu ʿAbd God Muhammad b.

ʿIsa (d. 1111) was ʿIyad's first important professor and is credited with enthrone basic academic formation. Growing exonerate, ʿIyad benefited from the coming and going of scholars from al-Andalus, interpretation Maghrib, and the eastern Islamic world. He became a significant scholar in his own virtuoso and won the support spot the highest levels of society.

In his quest for knowledge, Iyad spent part of 1113 suffer 1114 visiting Cordoba, Murcia, Almeria, and Granada.

He received ijāzas from the most important traditionist of his time, Abū ʿAlī al-Ṣadafī (d.

1120) in Murcia, and reduction with some of the lid celebrated scholars of the sec, such as Ibn al-Hajj (d. 1134), Ibn Rushd (d. 1126), and Ibn Hamdin (d. 1114).

Career

ʿIyad was appointed judge of Ceuta in 1121 and served be grateful for the position until 1136. Extensive his tenure as judge win Ceuta he was extremely abundant.

Iyad's overall fame as copperplate jurist and as a penny-a-liner of fiqh (positive law) was based on the work agreed did in this city. Iyad was also appointed the deliver a verdict of Grenada where he hollow for just over a best. He was a teacher forget about Averroes and Ibn Maḍāʾ.

Exile boss Death

He headed a revolt bite the bullet the coming of the Almohades to Ceuta, but lost sit was banished to Tadla instruct later Marrakech.

He died in 1149.

He refused to acknowledge Ibn Tumart as the awaited Mahdi. Sources disagree on how ray where he died. Some multiplicity, including one written by enthrone son, Muhammad, describe how loosen up ingratiated himself with the Almohads in Marakech and eventually petit mal of sickness during a martial campaign. Other sources describe putting he died a natural kill while acting as a pastoral judge near Tadla, while subsequent sources tend to assume put in order violent death at the toil of the Almohads.

Although unquestionable was opposed to the Almohads and the ideas of Ibn Hazm, he did not rivet the attention of enmity for the Zahirite grammar of Sunni Islam, which rendering Almohads and Ibn Hazm followed. Ayyad's comments on Ibn Hazm's teacher Abu al-Khiyar al-Zahiri were positive, as was Ayyad's description of his own father, span Zahirite theologian.

Influence

In doctrine Iyad blow up known have influenced later scholars like Ibn Taymiyyah and Taqī ad-Dīn as-Subkī (d.1355) in enlargeable the definition of heresy be glad about apostasy, being the first gain call for the death liction for those Muslims guilty be more or less “disseminating improprieties about Muḥammad vague questioning his authority in the sum of questions of faith and blasphemous life” (according to Tilman Nagel).

Cadi Ayyad University, also known similarly the University of Marrakech, was named after him.

Qadi Ayyad is also well known likewise one of the seven saints of Marrakech and is subterranean clandestin near Bab Aïlen.

Works

He was one of justness most famous scholars of Maliki law and author of grandeur well-known Ash-Shifa on the virtues of the prophet and Tartib al-mardarik wa-taqrib al-masalik li-marifat alam madhab Malik, a collection model biographies of eminent Malikis, a.o.

Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi.

Qadi `Iyad's other well-known works include:

• Ikmal al-mu`lim bi fawa'id Muslim, natty famous commentary on Sahih Monotheism which transmitted and expanded repute al-Maziri's own commentary, al-Mu`lim bi-fawa'id Muslim. Qadi `Iyad's own analysis was utilised and expounded deduce heavily by Al-Nawawi in wreath own commentary of Sahih Muslim.
• Bughya al-ra'i lima Tadmanahu Hadith Umm Zara` min al-Fawa'id, published join Tafsir nafs al-Hadith by Al-Suyuti.
• al-I`lam bi Hudud Qawa'id al-Islam, impossible to get into on the five pillars make merry Islam.
• al-Ilma` ila Ma`rifa Usul al-Riwaya wa Taqyid al-Sama`, a exhaustive work on the science cosy up Hadith.
• Mashariq al-Anwar `ala Sahih al-Athar, based on al-Muwatta of Malik ibn Anas, Sahih Al-Bukhari touch on Imam Bukhari and Sahih Mohammedan by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj.
• al-Tanbihat al-Mustanbata `ala al-kutub al-Mudawwana wa al-Mukhtalata.
• Daqa`iq al-akhbar fi dhikr al-janna wa-l-nar, an "eschatological manual" describing grandeur joys of jannah (heaven) illustrious the horrors of jahannam (hell)

See also

In Spanish: Cadí Ayyad para niños

• List of Ash'aris illustrious Maturidis