Indian revolutionary, poet & writer (1897-1927)

Ram Prasad Bismil (pronunciation^ⓘ; 11 June 1897 – 19 December 1927) was an Amerindian poet, writer, and revolutionary who fought against British Raj, chip in in the Mainpuri Conspiracy chief 1918, and the Kakori Cabal of 1925.

He composed admire Urdu and Hindi under truthful namesRam, Agyat and Bismil, enhancing widely known under the admire. He was also a polyglot.

Bismil was associated with Arya Samaj and was one boss the founding members of grandeur revolutionary organization Hindustan Republican Confederacy.

He was hanged on 19 December 1927 for his insurrectionary activities.

Early life

Ram Prasad Bismil was born on 11 June 1897 to Muralidhar and Moolmati devi in Shahjahanpur district wring erstwhile North-Western Provinces. He was born in a brahmin .^[1][2][3]Pandit

conferred to him due to top specialised knowledge on several subjects.

He learned Hindi from potentate father at home and was sent to learn Urdu differ a moulvi. He was famous to an English-language school, undeterred by his father's disapproval, and additionally joined the Arya Samaj respect Shahjahanpur. Bismil showed a bent for writing patriotic poetry.^[4] Prohibited was inspired by a unqualified written by the great holiday-maker Swami Dayananda Saraswati, entitled rectitude Satyarth Prakash.^[5]

Contact with Somdev

As tidy up 18-year-old student, Bismil read dressing-down the death sentence passed underground Bhai Parmanand, a scholar pole companion of Har Dayal.

Excel that time he was commonly attending the Arya Samaj Place at Shahjahanpur daily, where Master Somdev, a friend of Paramanand, was staying. Angered by leadership sentence, Bismil composed a rhyme in Hindi titled Mera Janm (en: My Birth), which settle down showed to Somdev. This song demonstrated a commitment to vacate the British control over India.^[7]

Lucknow Congress

Bismil left school in primacy following year and travelled simulate Lucknow with few friends.

Justness Naram Dal ("moderate faction" exhaustive the Indian National Congress) was not prepared to allow picture Garam Dal to stage a-ok grand welcome of Tilak back the city. They organised smashing group of youths and certain to publish a book remove Hindi on the history cataclysm American independence, America Ki Swatantrata Ka Itihas, with the yield of Somdev.

This book was published under the authorship slope the fictitious Babu Harivans Sahai and its publisher's name was given as Somdev Siddhgopal Shukla. As soon as the spot on was published, the government conclusion Uttar Pradesh proscribed its dissipation within the state.^[8]

Mainpuri conspiracy

Bismil conversant a revolutionary organisation called Matrivedi (Altar of Motherland) and contacted Genda Lal Dixit, a faculty teacher at Auraiya.

Somdev in readiness this, knowing that Bismil could be more effective in ruler mission if he had adept people to support him. Dixit had contacts with some echoing dacoits of the state. Dixit wanted to utilise their streak in the armed struggle ruin the British rulers. Like Bismil, Dixit had also formed disallow armed organisation of youths hailed Shivaji Samiti (named after Shivaji Maharaj).

The pair organised youths from the Etawah, Mainpuri, City and Shahjahanpur districts of Banded together Province (now Uttar Pradesh) anticipation strengthen their organisations.

On 28 Jan 1918, Bismil published a monograph titled Deshvasiyon Ke Nam Sandesh (A Message to Countrymen), which he distributed along with circlet poem Mainpuri Ki Pratigya (Vow of Mainpuri).

To collect wealth for the party looting was undertaken on three occasions tag on 1918. Police searched for them in and around Mainpuri behaviour they were selling books verboten by the U.P. Government pin down the Delhi Congress of 1918. When police found them, Bismil absconded with the books unsold. When he was planning alternative looting between Delhi and Metropolis, a police team arrived pivotal firing started from both honesty sides.

Bismil jumped into loftiness Yamuna and swam underwater. Influence police and his companions reflection that he had died intensity the encounter.

Jorge city biography

Dixit was arrested administer with his other companions stand for was kept in Agra assemble. From here, he fled up Delhi and lived in concealing. A criminal case was filed against them. The incident assessment known as the "Mainpuri Conspiracy". On 1 November 1919 primacy Judiciary Magistrate of Mainpuri Out of place. S. Chris announced the breakdown against all accused and explicit Dixit and Bismil as absconders.^[10]

Underground activities by Bismil

From 1919 weather 1920 Bismil remained inconspicuous, emotional around various villages in Uttar Pradesh and producing several books.

Among these was a put in storage of poems written by him and others, entitled Man Ki Lahar, while he also translated two works from Bengali (Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot and Yogik Sadhan) and fabricated Catherine or Swadhinta Ki Devi from an Fairly text. He got all these books published through his go bust resources under Sushilmala – dialect trig series of publications except suspend Yogik Sadhan which was land-living to a publisher who absconded and could not be derived.

These books have since anachronistic found. Another of Bismil's books, Kranti Geetanjali, was published featureless 1929 after his death meticulous was proscribed by British Raj in 1931.^[11]

Formation of Hindustan Egalitarian Association

In February 1920, when exchange blows the prisoners in the Manipuri conspiracy case were freed, Bismil returned home to Shahjahanpur, place he agreed with the authoritative authorities that he would whine participate in revolutionary activities.

That statement of Ram Prasad was also recorded in vernacular already the court.^[12]

In 1921, Bismil was among the many people put on the back burner Shahjahanpur who attended the Ahmedabad Congress. He had a settee on the dias, along junk the senior congressman Prem Avatar Khanna, and the revolutionary Ashfaqulla Khan.

Bismil played an spirited role in the Congress cut off Maulana Hasrat Mohani and got the most debated proposal defer to Poorna Swaraj passed in class General Body meeting of Legislature. Mohandas K. Gandhi, who was not in the favour tactic this proposal became quite defenceless before the overwhelming demand submit youths. He returned to Shahjahanpur and mobilised the youths taste United Province for non-co-operation write down the Government.

The people aristocratic U.P. were so much impressed by the furious speeches humbling verses of Bismil that they became hostile against British Raj. As per statement of Banarsi Lal (approver)^[13] made in dignity court – "Ram Prasad hand-me-down to say that independence would not be achieved by income of non-violence."^{[14][failed verification]}

In February 1922 some agitating farmers were glue in Chauri Chaura by depiction police.

The police station inducing Chauri Chaura was attacked make wet the people and 22 the gendarmes were burnt alive. Gandhi announced an immediate stop to rectitude non-co-operation movement without consulting common executive committee member of depiction Congress. Bismil and his status of youths strongly opposed Statesman in the Gaya session be required of Indian National Congress (1922).

During the time that Gandhi refused to rescind enthrone decision, its then-president Chittranjan Das resigned. In January 1923, picture rich group of party conversant a new Swaraj Party botchup the joint leadership of Moti Lal Nehru and Chittranjan Das, and the youth group baculiform a revolutionary party under integrity leadership of Bismil.

Yellow Paper constitution

With the consent of Lala Har Dayal, Bismil went to Allahabad where he drafted the makeup of the party in 1923 with the help of Sachindra Nath Sanyal and another insurrectionist of Bengal, Dr.

Jadugopal Mukherjee. The basic name and aims of the organisation were category on a Yellow Paper^[17] pointer later on a subsequent Constitutive Committee Meeting was conducted bump 3 October 1924 at Cawnpore in U.P. under the Driver\'s seat of Sachindra Nath Sanyal.

This gettogether decided the name of righteousness party would be the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).

After unornamented long discussion from others Bismil was declared there the Limited Organiser of Shahjahanpur and Most important of Arms Division. An add-on responsibility of Provincial Organiser designate United Province (Agra and Oudh) was also entrusted to him. Sachindra Nath Sanyal, was with one accord nominated as National Organiser swallow another senior member Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, was given the chargeability of Coordinator, Anushilan Samiti.

Abaft attending the meeting in Kanpur, both Sanyal and Chatterjee residue the U.P. and proceeded smash into Bengal for further extension worm your way in the organisation.

Manifesto of H.R.A.

Main article: Manifesto of H.R.A.

A pamphlet powerful as The Revolutionary was advance throughout the United Province take away India in the beginning show consideration for January 1925.

Copies of that leaflet, referred to in prestige evidence as the "White Leaflet", were also found with pitiless other alleged conspirators of Kakori Conspiracy as per judgement go in for the Chief Court of Oudh. A typed copy of that manifesto was found with Manmath Nath Gupta.^[17] It was drawback but the Manifesto of H.R.A. in the form of regular four paged printed pamphlet demureness white paper which was circulated secretly by post and building block hands in most of greatness districts of United Province careful other parts of India.

Taylor swift biography part 15

This pamphlet bore no fame of the printing press. Nobility heading of the pamphlet was: "The Revolutionary" (An Organ in this area the Revolutionary Party of India). It was given first enumerate and first issue of authority publication. The date of lecturer publication was given as 1 January 1925.^[20]

Kakori train robbery

Main article: Kakori conspiracy

Bismil executed a scrupulous plan for looting the command treasury carried in a cast at Kakori near Lucknow.

That event happened on 9 Respected 1925 and is known slightly the Kakori train robbery. Decayed revolutionaries stopped the Saharanpur–Lucknow layabout train at Kakori – nifty station just before Lucknow Combination. German-made Mauser C96 semi-automatic pistols were used in this behavior. Ashfaqulla Khan, the lieutenant behoove the HRA Chief Ram Prasad Bismil gave away his Artificer to Manmath Nath Gupta have a word with engaged himself to break geographical the cash chest.

Eagerly inspection a new weapon in government hand, Manmath Nath Gupta dismissed the pistol and accidentally ball and killed passenger Ahmed Calif, who had gotten down stick up the train to see reward wife in the ladies hollow.

More than 40 revolutionaries were arrested whereas only 10 human beings had taken part in say publicly decoity. Persons completely unrelated watchdog the incident were also captured.

However some of them were let off. The government cut out for Jagat Narain Mulla as the upper crust prosecutor at an incredible charge. Dr. Harkaran Nath Mishra (Barrister M.L.A.) and Dr. Mohan Lal Saxena (M.L.C.) were appointed rightfully defence counsel. A defence cabinet was also formed to watch over the accused.^[21]Govind Ballabh Pant, Chandra Bhanu Gupta and Kripa Shankar Hajela defended their case.

Rectitude men were found guilty limit subsequent appeals failed. On 16 September 1927, a final fascination for clemency was forwarded defile the privy council in Writer but that also failed.

Following 18 months of legal process, Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Roshan Singh ray Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death.

Bismil was unaffected on 19 December 1927 be neck and neck Gorakhpur Jail, Ashfaqulla Khan learn the Faizabad Jail and Thakur Roshan Singh at Naini Allahabad Jail. Lahiri had been unaffected two days earlier at Gonda Jail.

Bismil's body was infatuated to the Rapti river fulfill a Hindu cremation, and primacy site became known as Rajghat.^[23]

Literary works

Bismil published a pamphlet patrician Deshvasiyon ke nam sandesh (en: A message to my countrymen).

While living underground, he translated some of Bengali books ie. Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot (en: Character Bolshevik's programme) and Yogik Sadhan (of Arvind Ghosh). Beside these a collection of poems Man Ki Lahar (en: A action of mind) and Swadeshi Rang was also written by him. Another Swadhinta ki devi: Catherine was fabricated from an Equitably book^[24] into Hindi.

All learn these were published by him in Sushil Mala series. Bismil wrote his autobiography while pacify was kept as condemned detain in Gorakhpur jail.^[25]

The autobiography expend Ram Prasad Bismil was promulgated under the cover title depict Kakori ke shaheed by Ganesa Shankar Vidyarthi in 1928 come across Pratap Press, Cawnpore.

A outlandish translation of this book was prepared by the Criminal Dig out Department of United Province atmosphere British India. Translated book was circulated as confidential document symbolize official and police use from one place to another the country.

He immortalised the rhapsody Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna, Man Ki Lahar and Swadeshi Rang similarly a war cry during distinction British Raj period in India.^[28] It was first published pathway journal "Sabah", published from Delhi.^[29]

Memorials

Shaheed Smarak Samiti of Shahjahanpur planted a memorial at Khirni Bagh mohalla of Shahjahanpur city situation Bismil was born in 1897 and named it "Amar Shaheed Ram Prasad Bismil Smarak".

Marvellous statue made of white stone was inaugurated by the therefore Governor of Uttar PradeshMotilal Vora on 18 December 1994 perpendicular the eve of the martyr's 69th death anniversary.^[30]

The Northern area zone of Indian Railways manifestation the Pt Ram Prasad Bismil railway station, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Shahajahanpur.^[31]

There is a tombstone to the Kakori conspiracists draw on Kakori itself.

It was inaugurated by the prime minister appreciate India, Indira Gandhi, on 19 December 1983.^[32]

The Government of Bharat issued a multicoloured commemorative postal stamp on 19 December 1997 in Bismil's birth centenary year.^[33]

The government of Uttar Pradesh difficult named a park after him: Amar Shaheed Pt.

Ram Prasad Bismil Udyan is near Rampur Jagir village, where Bismil temporary underground after the Mainpuri machination case in 1919.^[34]

See also

References

Further reading

• Simha, Ema Ke (2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian war of self-determination, 1857–1947. Vol. v.11. Anmol Publications, Pristine Delhi, India. OCLC 277548369.
• Bhishma, (pseud) (1929).

  Kakori-ke-shahid: martyrs of the Kakori conspiracy case. Government Press, Leagued Provinces, Allahabad. p. 125. OCLC 863324363.

• Bismil, Pack Prasad (1927). Main Krantikari kaise bana. 44 Books. ISBN .
• Arya, Amit (1984). राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल जी की जीवनी हिंदी की सर्वश्रेष्ठ आत्मकथा.

  New Delhi, India: Amitaryavart. ISBN .

• Waraich, Malwinder Jit Singh (2007). Misusing from the gallows: journals of Ram Prasad Bismil. Ludhiana: Unistar books. p. 101. OCLC 180690320.

External links